Martin Luther

Chimodzi mwazinthu zomwe ndimakonda popanga maganyu ndikuphunzitsa mbiri ku koleji yakumidzi. Posachedwa tidakambirana za Bismarck ndikuphatikiza kwa Germany. Bukulo linati: Bismarck ndiye mtsogoleri wofunikira kwambiri ku Germany kuyambira Martin Luther. Kwa mphindi ndinkamva kuyesayesa kufotokoza chifukwa chake kuyamikiridwa kwakukulu kotereku kungaperekedwe kwa woganiza zaumulungu, koma kenako ndinakumbukira ndikudutsa.

Bwerezaninso pano: Kodi ndichifukwa chiyani munthu wachipembedzo waku Germany adachita bwino kwambiri m'buku laku America? Chiyambi chomveka chomveka cha chimodzi mwazinthu zochititsa chidwi kwambiri m'mbiri yapadziko lonse.

Kodi munthu angakhale bwanji wolungama pamaso pa Mulungu?

Martin Luther, munthu wapakati pa Kusintha Kwachiprotestanti, adabadwa mu 1483 ndipo adamwalira mu 1546. Anali chimphona munthawi yodziwika bwino. Machiavelli, Michelangelo, Erasmus ndi Thomas More anali m'nthawi yake; Christopher Columbus adakwera ngalawa pomwe Luther amapita kusukulu ya Chilatini.

Luther anabadwira m'tawuni ya Thuringian ya Eisleben. Pa nthawi yomwe kufa kwa ana ndi makanda kunali 60% komanso kupitilira apo, Luther anali ndi mwayi kubadwa konse. Abambo ake a Hans Luder, omwe kale anali mgodi, anali atapeza bwino ngati smelter m'migodi yamkuwa. Kukonda nyimbo kwa Luther kumamupatsa malire polera mwankhanza makolo ake, omwe amamusamalira komanso kumulanga ndi dzanja lolimba. Pazaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi Luther anali kale Chilatini choyenerera ndipo adatumizidwa ku Yunivesite ya Erfurt. Mu 1505, ali ndi zaka makumi awiri mphambu ziwiri, adapeza digiri ya master wake kumeneko ndi dzina loti Philosopher.

Bambo ake adaganiza kuti Master Martin apanga loya wabwino; mnyamatayo sanakane. Koma tsiku lina, ali m’njira kuchokera ku Mansfeld kupita ku Erfurt, Martin anagwidwa ndi chimphepo champhamvu kwambiri. Mphezi inamugwetsera pansi, ndipo malinga ndi mwambo wabwino wa Chikatolika iye anafuula kuti: Thandizani Anna Woyera, ndikufuna kukhala mmonke! Iye anasunga mawu amenewo. Mu 1505 adalowa mu dongosolo la Augustinian hermits, mu 1507 adawerenga misa yake yoyamba. Malinga ndi kunena kwa James Kittelson (Luther Wokonzanso Chikatolika), mabwenzi ndi mayanjano sanapezebe kalikonse kalikonse ka makhalidwe abwino a mmonke wachichepere amene anampanga kukhala munthu wapadera chotero m’zaka khumi zachidule. Ponena za kusunga kwake mosamalitsa malamulo a dongosolo limodzi ndi nthaŵi zake za kusala kudya ndi kulapa, Luther pambuyo pake ananena kuti ngati kukanakhala kotheka mwaumunthu kupambana kumwamba monga mmonke, ndithudi akanatha.

Inali nthawi yamkuntho

Nthawi ya Luther inali nthawi ya oyera mtima, amwendamnjira, komanso kufa kulikonse. Middle Ages inali ikuyandikira, ndipo maphunziro azachikatolika anali akadali obwerera m'mbuyo. Anthu opembedza ku Europe adadziwona okha atakakamizidwa kutsatira malamulo, kuchokera ku sakramenti la basi, kuvomereza komanso kuponderezedwa ndi ansembe. Wachichepere wachinyamata Luther amatha kuyimba nyimbo yokhudzana ndi mavuto, njala ndi ludzu, kugona tulo komanso kudzikweza. Komabe, chikumbumtima chake sichinakhutire. Malangizo okhwima adangowonjezera kulakwa kwake. Unali msampha wololeza malamulo - ungadziwe bwanji kuti wachita zokwanira?

Ngakhale adakhala ngati monki wopanda cholakwa, alemba Luther, adamva ndikumva kuwawa kuti anali wochimwa pamaso pa Mulungu. Koma sindingakonde Mulungu wolungama yemwe amalanga machimo, koma m'malo mwake ndimadana naye ... Ndidali wokwiya ndi Mulungu, ngati sikunyoza mwamseri, kenako ndikung'ung'udza kwamphamvu, ndikuti: Kodi sizingakhale zokwanira kuti ochimwa omvetsa chisoni, otsutsidwa kwamuyaya ndi tchimo loyambirira, amaponderezedwa ndi mavuto amitundu yonse ndi lamulo la Malamulo Khumi? Kodi Mulungu amafunikirabe kuwonjezera kuzunzika kudzera mu Uthenga Wabwino ndikutiwopseza ndi chilungamo chake ndi mkwiyo wake kudzera mu Uthenga Wabwino?

Kulankhula mosabisa mawu komanso moona mtima nthawi zonse kwakhala ngati kwa Luther. Ndipo ngakhale dziko lapansi limadziwa bwino za ntchito yake yowonjezeranso komanso mbiri ya moyo wake - nkhondo yake yolimbana ndi tchalitchi chodzikongoletsera, zopereka zachifundo komanso machitidwe odzitukumula achilungamo - ochepa amadziwa kuti nthawi zonse anali funso la chikumbumtima kwa Luther. Funso lake loyambirira linali lophweka kwambiri: Kodi munthu angakhale bwanji wolungama pamaso pa Mulungu? Koposa zonse zopinga zopangidwa ndi anthu zomwe zimaphimba kuphweka kwa uthenga wabwino, Luther adayang'ana kwambiri pazomwe ambiri mMayiko Achikhristu adayiwala - uthenga wolungamitsidwa ndi chikhulupiriro chokha. Chilungamo ichi chimaposa chilichonse ndipo ndichosiyana kwambiri ndi chilungamo pazandale komanso ndale komanso chilungamo mdera lachipembedzo komanso mwamwambo.

Luther anafuula mokweza kwambiri potsutsa miyambo yowononga chikumbumtima ya m’nthawi yake. Zaka mazana asanu pambuyo pake, nkoyenera kumuona monga momwe Akristu anzake olakwa anamwonera: monga m’busa wachangu, kaŵirikaŵiri kumbali ya wochimwa woponderezedwa; monga mlaliki wapamwamba kwambiri pa zomwe zili zofunika kwambiri—mtendere ndi Mulungu (Aroma ).5,1); monga mpulumutsi wa chikumbumtima chozunzidwa m’nkhani zokhudza Mulungu.

Luther amatha kukhala wamwano, wankhanza ngati wamba. Mkwiyo wake kwa iwo omwe amakhulupirira kuti amatsutsa uthenga wake wolungamitsa ukhoza kukhala wowopsa. Amamuimba mlandu wotsutsana ndi Semitism, osati molakwika. Koma ngakhale zolakwa zonse za Luther, munthu ayenera kulingalira: Uthenga wachikhristu wapakati - kupeza chipulumutso kudzera mchikhulupiriro - unali pachiwopsezo chofera Kumadzulo nthawi imeneyo. Mulungu adatumiza munthu yemwe akanatha kupulumutsa chikhulupiriro kuchokera kumanda opanda chiyembekezo a zida zaumunthu ndikuzipanga kukhala zokongola kachiwiri. Waumunthu komanso wokonzanso Melanchthon adati m'maliro ake kwa Luther kuti anali dokotala wofunitsitsa wazaka zodwala, chida chothandizira mpingo.

Mtendere ndi mulungu

Umu ndiye luso lokhalo la Akhristu, alemba a Luther, kuti ndisiye tchimo langa, ndipo sindikufuna kudziwa kalikonse za izo, ndipo ndimangoyang'ana pa chilungamo cha Khristu, kotero kuti ndidziwa motsimikiza kuti kudzipereka kwa Khristu, kuyenera kwake, kusalakwa kwake ndipo chiyero ndi changa, motsimikiza monga ndikudziwa kuti thupi ili ndi langa. Ndimakhala, ndimamwalira ndikukwera pa iye, chifukwa adatifera ife, adaukanso chifukwa cha ife. Sindine wopembedza, koma Khristu ndi wopembedza. Omwe ndidabatizidwa mdzina lake ...

Pambuyo pa kulimbana kwauzimu kovutirapo ndi zowawa zambiri m'moyo, Luther adapeza chilungamo cha Mulungu, chilungamo chochokera kwa Mulungu kudzera mu chikhulupiriro (Afil. 3,9). Ndicho chifukwa chake prose yake imayimba nyimbo za chiyembekezo, chisangalalo ndi chidaliro pa lingaliro la Mulungu wamphamvuyonse, wodziwa zonse amene, mosasamala kanthu za chirichonse, amaimirira ndi wochimwa wolapa kupyolera mu ntchito yake mwa Khristu. Ngakhale kuti malinga ndi chilamulo iye ndi wochimwa pa nkhani ya chilungamo cha chilamulo, Luther akulemba kuti, komabe sataya mtima, komabe safa chifukwa Khristu ali ndi moyo, amene ali chilungamo cha munthu ndi moyo wosatha wakumwamba. Mu chilungamo chimenecho ndi moyo umene iye ankawudziwa, Lutera, kunalibenso tchimo, kunalibenso kuzunza kwa chikumbumtima, kunalibenso kudandaula za imfa.

Kuyimba kowala kwa Luther kwa ochimwa kuti anene chikhulupiriro chenicheni osagwera mumsampha wachisomo chosavuta ndichodabwitsa komanso chokongola. Chikhulupiriro ndichinthu chomwe Mulungu amagwira ntchito mwa ife. Anatisintha ndipo tidzabadwanso kuchokera kwa Mulungu. Mphamvu yosaganiziridwa ndi mphamvu zosaganiziridwa zimakhala mmenemo. Amatha kugwira bwino ntchito nthawi zonse. Iye sayembekezera konse ndikufunsa ngati pali ntchito zabwino zoti zichitike; koma funsoli lisanafunsidwe, anali atachita kale chikalatacho ndipo amapitilizabe kuchichita.

Luther adayika chidaliro chonse m'mphamvu zakukhululuka za Mulungu: Kukhala Mkhristu sichinthu china koma chizolowezi chomangomva kuti munthu alibe tchimo - ngakhale tchimo lake - koma machimo ake amaponyedwa pa Khristu. Izi zikuti zonse. Chifukwa cha chikhulupiriro cholimba chomwechi, Luther adatsutsa bungwe lamphamvu kwambiri nthawi yake, apapa, ndikupangitsa kuti Europe ikhale pansi ndikuzindikira. Zachidziwikire, povomereza poyera kulimbana kwake ndi satana, Luther akadali munthu wa Mibadwo Yapakati. Monga Heiko A. Oberman anenera mu Luther - Man Between God and the Devil: Kufufuza zamisala kumamulepheretsa Luther mpata wonse wotsala wophunzitsira ku yunivesite ya lero.

Mlaliki wamkulu

Komabe: Podzitsegula yekha, powonetsa zowawa zake zamkati, zowoneka ndi maso a dziko lapansi, Master Martin anali patsogolo pa nthawi yake. Iye sanachite mantha kuti afufuze matenda ake poyera komanso kulengeza mwamphamvu za kuchiritsa kwake. Kuyesayesa kwake kuti adzipenda mosamalitsa, nthaŵi zina kosakometsera m’zolemba zake kumawapangitsa iwo kukhala ndi malingaliro achikondi amene amakhalapo mpaka kumapeto.1. Zaka zana. Akunena za chisangalalo chakuya chimene chimadza mu mtima pamene munthu wamva uthenga wachikhristu ndi kulandira chitonthozo cha Uthenga Wabwino; ndiye kuti amakonda Kristu m’njira imene sakanatha kuchita mogwirizana ndi malamulo kapena ntchito zokha. Mtima umakhulupilira kuti chilungamo cha Khristu ndiye chake ndi kuti uchimo wake sulinso wake koma wa Khristu; kuti uchimo wonse wamezedwa m’chilungamo cha Khristu.

Kodi nchiyani chimene chingalingaliridwe choloŵa cha Luther (mawu amene amagwiritsidwa ntchito kaŵirikaŵiri lerolino)? Pokwaniritsa ntchito yake yayikulu yolimbana ndi Chikhristu ndi kupeza chipulumutso kudzera mu chisomo, Luther adapereka zopereka zitatu zofunikira zaumulungu. Anaphunzitsa kuti chikumbumtima cha munthu aliyense n'chofunika kwambiri kuposa kuponderezana. Iye anali Thomas Jefferson wa Chikhristu. M’maiko a kumpoto kwa Ulaya a England, France ndi Netherlands chiyembekezo chimenechi chinagwera pa nthaka yachonde; m’zaka mazana zotsatira iwo anakhala mbiya za ufulu wa anthu ndi ufulu wa munthu aliyense.

Mu 1522 iye anafalitsa matembenuzidwe ake a Chipangano Chatsopano ( Das Newe Testament Deutzsch ) pamaziko a malemba Achigiriki a Erasmus. Izi zinapereka chitsanzo kwa mayiko ena - osatinso Chilatini, koma Uthenga Wabwino m'chinenero cha amayi! Izi zinapatsa kuŵerenga Baibulo ndi chitukuko chonse chauzimu cha Kumadzulo - osatchula mabuku achijeremani - chilimbikitso champhamvu. Kuumirira kwa Reformation pa Sola Scriptura (lemba lokha) kunalimbikitsa dongosolo la maphunziro kwambiri - pambuyo pake, munthu adayenera kuphunzira kuŵerenga kuti aphunzire malemba opatulika.

Kafukufuku wopweteka wa Luther, koma pomaliza pake, wopanga chikumbumtima ndi moyo, zomwe adachita poyera, zidalimbikitsa kuvomereza, kutseguka kwatsopano pakukambirana mafunso ovuta, omwe samangokopa alaliki onga John Wesley, komanso olemba, olemba mbiri komanso akatswiri azamaganizidwe mzaka zapitazi. .

Onongani nkhalango ndi timitengo

Luther anali munthu, komanso munthu. Nthawi zina amachititsa manyazi omenyera ake olimba mtima kwambiri. Zolemba zake motsutsana ndi Ayuda, alimi, anthu aku Turkey ndi mizukwa zimakupangitsaninso tsitsi lanu. Luther anali chabe wankhondo mwachilengedwe, mpainiya wokhala ndi nkhwangwa yolowerera, munthu wamsongole ndikuyeretsa. Ndi bwino kulima munda ukakonzedwa; Koma kuti awononge nkhalango ndi timitengo, ndikukonzekeretsa mundawo, palibe amene akufuna kupita kumeneko, adalemba kalatayo kuchokera kutanthauzira, zifukwa zake zomasulira nthawi yayitali ya Baibulo.

Mosasamala kanthu zakusokonekera: Luther anali munthu wofunika kwambiri pa Kusintha, chimodzi mwazinthu zosintha kwambiri m'mbiri, kwa Apulotesitanti odzipereka kusintha komwe kudachitika zochitika za m'zaka za zana loyamba. Ngati ndi choncho, ngati tiyenera kuweruza umunthu molingana ndi nthawi yawo komanso malingana ndi kukopa kwawo kupitirira nthawi yawo, ndiye kuti Mkhristu akhoza kunyadira kuti Martin Luther, monga munthu wodziwika bwino, adayimilira ndi Otto von Bismarck.

ndi Neil Earle


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