Vuto la zoipa padziko lapansi

Pali zifukwa zambiri zimene zimachititsa anthu kusiya kukhulupirira Mulungu. Chifukwa chimodzi chimene chimaonekera kwambiri ndi “vuto la zoipa” - limene katswiri wa zaumulungu Peter Kreeft amalitcha “chiyeso chachikulu kwambiri cha chikhulupiriro, chiyeso chachikulu cha kusakhulupirira”. Agnostics ndi osakhulupirira kuti kuli Mulungu nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito vuto la zoyipa ngati mtsutso wawo kubzala kukayikira kapena kukana kukhalapo kwa Mulungu. Iwo amanena kuti n’zosatheka kuti zoipa zikhaleko ndi Mulungu (malinga ndi okhulupirira kuti kuli Mulungu) kapena n’zosatheka (malinga ndi okana Mulungu). Mitsutso yambiri ya mawu otsatirawa imachokera ku nthawi ya wanthanthi Wachigiriki Epicurus (pafupifupi 300 BC). Linatengedwa ndi kutchuka ndi wafilosofi wa ku Scotland David Hume kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 18.

Nachi chiganizo:
“Ngati chili chifuniro cha Mulungu kuti aletse zoipa, koma sangathe, ndiye kuti si wamphamvuyonse. Kapena akhoza, koma si chifuniro chake: ndiye Mulungu ndi wansanje. Ngati zonse ziri zoona, angathe ndipo akufuna kuziletsa: kodi choipa chimachokera kuti? Ndipo ngati sitifuna kapena mphamvu, tingamutchule bwanji Mulungu?

Epicurus, ndipo pambuyo pake Hume, anajambula chithunzi cha Mulungu chimene sichinali chake konse. Ndilibe danga pano la yankho lathunthu (azamulungu amatcha theodicy). Koma ndikufuna kutsindika kuti mndandanda wa mikangano uwu sungathe ngakhale kuyandikira kukhala mtsutso wotsutsa kukhalapo kwa Mulungu. Monga ananenera okhulupirira ambiri achikristu (opepesera ndi akatswiri azaumulungu ochita nawo “kulungamitsidwa” kwawo kwa sayansi ndi kutetezera mfundo za chikhulupiriro), kukhalapo kwa kuipa padziko lapansi kuli umboni wa kukhalapo kwa Mulungu m’malo motsutsa. Ndikufuna tsopano kulowa mwatsatanetsatane pa izi.

Zoipa zimakhala zabwino

Kupeza kuti choipa chilipo monga chikhalidwe cha dziko lathu lapansi chikukhala lupanga lakuthwa konsekonse lomwe limagawanitsa okhulupirira kuti kuli Mulungu komanso osakhulupirira kuti kuli Mulungu mozama kuposa momwe amachitira ndi okhulupirira. Kuti tinene kuti kukhalapo kwa zoipa kumatsutsa zoti kuli Mulungu, m’pofunika kuvomereza kuti kuipa kulipo. Izi zikutanthauza kuti payenera kukhala lamulo lokhazikika la makhalidwe abwino lomwe limafotokoza kuti zoipa ndi zoipa. Munthu sangayambitse lingaliro lomveka bwino la zoipa popanda kufotokoza momveka bwino lamulo lapamwamba la makhalidwe abwino. Izi zikutifikitsa pavuto lalikulu pamene zikudzutsa funso la chiyambi cha lamuloli. M’mawu ena, ngati choipa n’chosiyana ndi chabwino, kodi tingadziwe bwanji chimene chili chabwino? Ndipo kumvetsetsa kwa kulingalira uku kumachokera kuti?

Das 1. Buku la Mose limatiphunzitsa kuti kulengedwa kwa dziko kunali kwabwino osati koipa. Komabe, limasimbanso za kugwa kwa anthu, kumene kunayambitsidwa ndi zoipa ndi kubweretsa zoipa. Chifukwa cha kuipa, dziko lino si labwino kwambiri kuposa maiko onse. Chifukwa chake, vuto la zoyipa limawulula kupatuka kwa "momwe kuyenera kukhalira". Komabe, ngati zinthu sizili momwe ziyenera kukhalira, ndiye kuti payenera kukhala Ngati pali njirayo, ndiye kuti payenera kukhala mamangidwe opitilira muyeso, dongosolo, ndi cholinga chofikira dziko lofunidwalo. Izi nazonso zimatengera munthu wodutsa chilengedwe (Mulungu) yemwe ndi woyambitsa dongosololi. Ngati kulibe Mulungu, ndiye kuti palibe njira yomwe zinthu ziyenera kukhalira, ndipo chifukwa chake sipakanakhala kuipa. Izi zitha kumveka ngati zosokoneza, koma sizili choncho. Ndi mawu omaliza omveka bwino opangidwa mwaluso.

Zoyenera ndi zolakwika zimayang'anizana wina ndi mzake

CS Lewis anatenga mfundo imeneyi monyanyira. M’buku lake lakuti, Pardon me, ndine Mkristu, akutiuza kuti iye anali wosakhulupirira kuti kuli Mulungu, makamaka chifukwa cha kupezeka kwa zoipa, nkhanza ndi kupanda chilungamo padziko lapansi. Koma pamene ankaganizira kwambiri za kusakhulupirira kwake kuti kuli Mulungu, m’pamenenso anazindikira kuti tanthauzo la kupanda chilungamo kumangodalira lingaliro lalamulo. Lamuloli limatengera munthu wolungama yemwe amaima pamwamba pa umunthu ndipo ali ndi mphamvu zopanga zenizeni zolengedwa ndikukhazikitsa malamulo alamulo mmenemo.

Anazindikiranso kuti chiyambi cha zoipa sichinachokere kwa Mulungu Mlengi, koma kwa zolengedwa zimene zinagonjera ku chiyeso cha kusakhulupirira Mulungu ndi kusankha kuchimwa. Lewis anazindikiranso kuti pamene anthu anali magwero a chabwino ndi choipa, anthu sangakhale opanda pake chifukwa akhoza kusintha. Iye ananenanso kuti gulu lina la anthu likhoza kuweruza anzawo ngati achita zabwino kapena zoipa, koma gulu lina likhoza kutsutsa zimenezo ndi maganizo awo a zabwino ndi zoipa. Ndiyeno funso n’lakuti, kodi ndi mphamvu zotani zimene zili m’matembenuzidwe opikisanawa a zabwino ndi zoipa? Kodi cholinga chokhazikika chili kuti pamene chinachake chikuwonedwa kukhala chosavomerezeka mu chikhalidwe china koma chololedwa mu china? Tikuwona vuto ili likugwira ntchito padziko lonse lapansi, nthawi zambiri (mwatsoka) m'dzina lachipembedzo kapena malingaliro ena.

Chotsalira ndi ichi: Ngati palibe mlengi wamkulu komanso woyimira malamulo amakhalidwe abwino, ndiye kuti sipangakhalenso chikhalidwe chabwino. Ngati palibe muyezo waubwino, kodi munthu angadziŵe bwanji ngati chinachake chili chabwino? Lewis anachitira chitsanzo ichi: “Ngati m’chilengedwe chonse munalibe kuwala, ndipo chotero mulibe zolengedwa zokhala ndi maso, sitikadadziŵa konse kuti kunali mdima. Mawu akuti mdima sakanakhala ndi tanthauzo kwa ife.”

Mulungu wathu wa umunthu ndi wabwino amagonjetsa zoipa

Pokhapokha pakakhala Mulungu waumwini ndi wabwino amene amatsutsa zoipa m’pamene zimakhala zomveka kuneneza zoipa kapena kuyambitsa kuitana kuti achitepo kanthu. Ngati kulibe Mulungu wotero, munthu sakadatembenukira kwa iye. Sipakanakhala maziko a malingaliro opitirira zimene timatcha zabwino ndi zoipa. Sipangakhale china chotsalira koma kuyika chomata "chabwino" pazomwe tili nazo; komabe, ngati zikusemphana ndi zokonda za wina, tinganene kuti zoipa kapena zoipa. Zikatero sipangakhale choipa chenicheni; palibe chodandaulira kwenikweni ndipo palibe wodandaula. Zinthu zikanangokhala momwe zilili; mutha kuwatcha chilichonse chomwe mungafune.

Pokhapokha mwa kukhulupirira Mulungu waumwini ndi wabwino m’pamene timakhaladi ndi maziko odzudzula zoipa ndipo tingatembenukire kwa “wina” kuti awononge. Chikhulupiriro chakuti pali vuto lenileni la zoipa ndi kuti tsiku lina lidzathetsedwa ndipo zinthu zonse zikakonzedwa bwino zimapereka maziko abwino a chikhulupiriro chakuti Mulungu waumwini ndi wabwino alipo.

Ngakhale kuti zoipa zikupitirirabe, Mulungu ali nafe ndipo tili ndi chiyembekezo

Zoipa zilipo - ingoyang'anani nkhani. Tonse takumana ndi zoipa ndipo tikudziwa zotsatira zake zowononga. Koma tikudziwanso kuti Mulungu salola kuti tipitirizebe kukhala mu uchimo. M’nkhani yapitayo ndinasonyeza kuti kugwa kwathu sikudadabwitsa Mulungu. Iye sanachite kutembenukira ku Plan B chifukwa anali ataika kale dongosolo lake logonjetsa zoipa ndipo dongosolo limenelo ndi Yesu Khristu ndi Chiyanjanitso. Mwa Khristu Mulungu anagonjetsa zoipa kudzera mu chikondi chenicheni; dongosolo ili linali litakonzeka kuyambira maziko a dziko. Mtanda ndi kuuka kwa Yesu kumatiwonetsa kuti zoipa sizidzakhala ndi mawu otsiriza. Chifukwa cha ntchito ya Mulungu mwa Khristu, zoipa zilibe tsogolo.

Kodi mumalakalaka Mulungu amene amaona zoipa, amene mwachisomo amadziikira mlandu, wodzipereka kuchitapo kanthu kuti athetse vutolo, amene pamapeto pake adzakonza zonse? Ndiye ine ndiri ndi uthenga wabwino kwa inu - uyu ndiye Mulungu amene Yesu Khristu adavumbulutsa. Ngakhale kuti tili mu “dziko loipali” (Agalatiya 1,4) Monga mmene Paulo analembera, Mulungu sanatitaye kapena kutisiya opanda chiyembekezo. Mulungu akutitsimikizira ife tonse kuti ali nafe; walowa m’moyo wa pano ndi tsopano wa kukhalapo kwathu ndipo motero amatipatsa dalitso la kulandira “zipatso zoundukula” ( Aroma 8,23) ya “dziko likudzalo” (Luka 18,30)—“chikole” ( Aefeso 1,13-14) ubwino wa Mulungu monga udzakhalapo pansi pa ulamuliro wake mu chidzalo cha ufumu wake.

Mwa chisomo cha Mulungu ife tsopano tikuonetsa zizindikiro za ufumu wa Mulungu kudzera mu moyo wathu pamodzi mu mpingo. Mulungu wa Utatu wokhala m’kati mwathu akutipatsa mwayi tsopano kuti tikhale ndi chiyanjano chimene watikonzera kuyambira pachiyambi. Mu chiyanjano ndi Mulungu ndi wina ndi mzake padzakhala chimwemwe—moyo weniweni umene sutha ndi umene palibe choipa chimene chimachitika. Inde, tonse tili ndi zowawa zathu kumbali iyi ya ulemerero, koma timatonthozedwa podziwa kuti Mulungu ali nafe - chikondi chake chimakhala mwa ife kwamuyaya kudzera mwa Khristu - kudzera m'Mawu ake ndi Mzimu wake. Baibulo limati: “Iye amene ali mwa inu ndi wamkulu kuposa amene ali m’dziko lapansi.”1. Johannes 4,4).

ndi Joseph Tkack

Vuto la zoipa padziko lapansi