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Zikhulupiriro Zakale
Chikhulupiriro (chikhulupiriro, kuchokera ku Chilatini "Ndikukhulupirira") ndi chidule cha zikhulupiriro. Imafuna kutchula mfundo zofunika za choonadi, kumveketsa bwino mfundo za chiphunzitso, kulekanitsa choonadi ndi cholakwika. Kaŵirikaŵiri limalembedwa m’njira yoti likhoza kuloweza pamtima. Ndime zingapo m’Baibulo zili ndi makhalidwe a zikhulupiriro. Chotero Yesu anagwiritsira ntchito chiŵembu chozikidwa pa 5. Cunt 6,4-9, ngati chikhulupiriro. Paul amalankhula mawu osavuta, ngati credo mu 1. Akorinto 8,6; 12,3 ndi 15,3-4. komanso 1. Timoteo 3,16 imapereka chikhulupiliro mu mawonekedwe omangika kwambiri.
Pamene mpingo woyambirira unafalikira, panafunika kukhala ndi chikhulupiriro chosonyeza okhulupirira ziphunzitso zofunika kwambiri za chipembedzo chawo. Chikhulupiriro cha Atumwi chimatchedwa motero, osati chifukwa chakuti atumwi oyambirira anachilemba, koma chifukwa chakuti chikufotokoza moyenerera chiphunzitso cha atumwi. Abambo a Tchalitchi Tertullian, Augustine ndi ena anali ndi matembenuzidwe osiyana pang’ono a Chikhulupiriro cha Atumwi; Zolemba za pirminus (pafupifupi 750) zidatengedwa ngati mawonekedwe okhazikika.
Pamene mpingo unakula, mipatuko inakulanso, ndipo Akristu oyambirira anafunikira kumveketsa malire a chikhulupiriro chawo. Kumayambiriro 4. M’zaka za m’ma 325, mabuku a m’Chipangano Chatsopano asanakhazikitsidwe, panabuka mkangano wokhudza umulungu wa Khristu. Kuti timveketse bwino funsoli, pa pempho la Mfumu Constantine, mabishopu ochokera m’madera onse a Ufumu wa Roma anasonkhana ku Nicaea mu 381. Iwo analemba kuvomereza kwawo mu chotchedwa Chikhulupiriro cha ku Nicaea. Mu sinodi ina inakumana ku Constantinople, pamene Chivomerezo cha Nicene chinasinthidwa pang’ono ndi kukulitsidwa kukhala ndi mfundo zoŵerengeka. Baibuloli limatchedwa Nicene Constantinople kapenanso mwachidule Nicene Creed.
M'zaka zana zotsatira atsogoleri achipembedzo adakumana mumzinda wa Chalcedon kuti akambirane, mwazinthu zina, zaumulungu ndi umunthu wa Khristu. Adapeza njira yomwe amakhulupirira kuti imagwirizana ndi uthenga wabwino, chiphunzitso cha atumwi, ndi malembo. Amatchedwa Christological Definition of Chalcedony kapena Chalcedonian Formula.
Tsoka ilo, zikhulupiriro zimathanso kukhala zachidule, zovuta, zosamveka, ndipo nthawi zina zimafanana ndi "Malemba." Komabe, zikagwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera, zimapereka maziko ogwirizana a chiphunzitso, zimateteza chiphunzitso choyenera cha m’Baibulo, ndipo zimachititsa kuti moyo wa mpingo ukhale wolunjika kwambiri. Zikhulupiriro zitatu zotsatirazi zikuvomerezedwa mofala pakati pa Akristu monga za m’Baibulo komanso monga makonzedwe a chiphunzitso chachikristu chowona (orthodoxy).
Chikhulupiriro cha Nicene (381 AD)
Timakhulupirira mwa Mulungu m'modzi, Atate, Wamphamvuyonse, Mlengi wa kumwamba ndi dziko lapansi, zonse zowoneka ndi zosaoneka. Ndipo kwa Ambuye m'modzi Yesu Khristu, Mwana wobadwa yekha wa Mulungu, wobadwa ndi Atate pamaso pa nthawi zonse, kuwunika kuchokera ku kuwunika, Mulungu woona kuchokera kwa Mulungu wowona, wobadwa, wosalengedwa, wa m'modzi wokhala ndi Atate, amene kudzera mwa iye zinthu zonse zinapangidwa , amuna otizungulira ndipo chifukwa cha chiwombolo chathu adatsika kuchokera kumwamba ndikukhala thupi la Mzimu Woyera ndi Namwali Maria ndikukhala munthu ndipo adapachikidwa ndikuzunzika ndikumuyika m'manda pansi pa Pontiyo Pilato ndipo adaukitsidwa tsiku lachitatu monga mwa malembo ndikupita kumwamba ndikukakhala kudzanja lamanja la Atate ndikubweranso mu ulemerero kudzaweruza amoyo ndi akufa, omwe ufumu wawo sudzatha.
Ndipo kwa Mzimu Woyera, Ambuye ndi wopatsa moyo, amene atuluka kwa Atate, amene amapembedzedwa ndi kupatsidwa ulemu pamodzi ndi Atate ndi Mwana, amene analankhula kudzera mwa aneneri.
Ali; ku Mpingo Woyera ndi Katolika [zonse zomwe zikuphatikiza] ndi Mpingo wautumwi. Timavomereza ubatizo wa chikhululukiro cha machimo; tikuyembekezera kuuka kwa akufa ndi moyo wadziko lapansi ukubwera. Amen.
(Yotchulidwa kuchokera ku JND Kelly, Old Christian Confessions, Göttingen 1993)
Chikhulupiriro cha Atumwi (cha m'ma 700 AD)
Ndimakhulupirira Mulungu Atate Wamphamvuyonse, Mlengi wa kumwamba ndi dziko lapansi. Ndipo mwa Yesu Khristu, Mwana wake wobadwa yekha, Ambuye wathu, wobadwa ndi Mzimu Woyera, wobadwa ndi Namwali Maria, adazunzika pansi pa Pontiyo Pilato, adapachikidwa, adamwalira ndikuikidwa m'manda, adatsikira mu ufumu waimfa, adauka kwa akufa pa tsiku lachitatu tsiku, adakwera kumwamba, nakhala pa dzanja lamanja la Mulungu Atate; kuchokera kumeneko adzabwera kudzaweruza amoyo ndi akufa. Ndimakhulupirira Mzimu Woyera, Mpingo Woyera wa Chikhristu, mgonero wa oyera mtima, kukhululukidwa kwa machimo, kuuka kwa akufa ndi moyo wosatha. Amen.
Tanthauzo la umodzi wa Mulungu ndi umunthu mwa Khristu
(Bungwe la Chalcedony, 451 AD)
Motero, potsatira atate oyera mtima, tonse timaphunzitsa pamodzi kuvomereza Ambuye wathu Yesu Khristu monga Mwana mmodzi; yemweyo ndi wangwiro mu umulungu ndi yemweyo wangwiro mu umunthu, yemweyo moonadi Mulungu ndi munthu weniweni kuchokera ku moyo wanzeru ndi thupi, ndi Atate kukhala (homooúsion) wa Umulungu ndi kukhala yemweyo ndi ife kukhala monga mwa umunthu; wofanana ndi ife m’zinthu zonse, kupatula uchimo. Wobadwa isanakwane nthawi kuchokera kwa Atate molingana ndi Umulungu, koma kumapeto kwa nthawi, chimodzimodzi, chifukwa cha ife ndi chipulumutso chathu kuchokera kwa Mariya, Namwali ndi Amayi a Mulungu (theotokos), ali ngati m'modzi. chimodzimodzi, Khristu, mwana, mbadwa, wozindikirika mu makhalidwe awiri osasakanizika, osasinthika, osagawanika, osagawanika. Potero, kusiyana kwa chilengedwe sikutha konse chifukwa cha umodzi; m'malo mwake, mawonekedwe amtundu uliwonse wamitundu iwiri amasungidwa ndikuphatikiza kupanga munthu ndi hypostasis. [Timamvomereza] osati monga ogawanika ndi olekanitsidwa kukhala anthu aŵiri, koma monga Mwana mmodzi ndi mmodzi, wobadwa, Mulungu, Logos, Ambuye, Yesu Kristu, monga aneneri akale ponena za iye [analoseredwa] ndi iyemwini, Yesu Kristu anatilangiza. ndipo anapereka kwa ife chophiphiritsa cha atate [Chikhulupiriro cha Nicaea]. (Kuchokera ku chipembedzo chakale ndi chamakono, lolembedwa ndi Betz / Browning / Janowski / Jüngel, Tübingen 1999)
