Umulungu wa Mzimu Woyera

Chikhristu chaphunzitsa kale kuti Mzimu Woyera ndi munthu wachitatu kapena hypostasis ya Umulungu. Komabe, ena aphunzitsa kuti mzimu woyera ndi mphamvu yopanda umunthu imene Mulungu amagwiritsa ntchito. Kodi Mzimu Woyera ndi Mulungu kapena ndi mphamvu ya Mulungu? Tiyeni tione zimene Baibulo limaphunzitsa.

1. Umulungu wa Mzimu Woyera

Mawu Oyamba: Malemba amanena mobwerezabwereza za Mzimu Woyera, wotchedwa Mzimu wa Mulungu ndi Mzimu wa Yesu Khristu. Lemba limasonyeza kuti Mzimu Woyera ndi wofanana ndi Atate ndi Mwana. Mzimu Woyera amatchulidwa kuti ndi mikhalidwe ya Mulungu, amapangidwa kukhala wofanana ndi Mulungu, ndipo amagwira ntchito yomwe Mulungu yekha angachite.

A. Makhalidwe a Mulungu

  • Chiyero: M’malo oposa 90 Baibulo limatcha Mzimu wa Mulungu “Mzimu Woyera”. Chiyero ndi khalidwe lofunika kwambiri la maganizo. Mzimu ndi woyera kotero kuti mwano wonyoza Mzimu Woyera sungathe kukhululukidwa, ngakhale kuti mwano wonyoza Yesu ukhoza kukhululukidwa (Mateyu 11,32). Kunyoza Mzimu ndi uchimo ngati kupondereza Mwana wa Mulungu (Aheberi 10,29). Zimenezi zikusonyeza kuti mzimu ndi woyera mwachibadwa, m’malo mwa chiyero chopatsidwa kapena chachiŵiri monga mmene kachisi analili. Malingaliro alinso ndi mikhalidwe yopanda malire ya Mulungu: zopanda malire mu nthawi, mlengalenga, mphamvu ndi chidziwitso.
  • Muyaya: Mzimu Woyera, mtonthozi (wothandizira), adzakhala nafe kwamuyaya (Yohane 14,16). Mzimu ndi wamuyaya (Aheb 9,14).
  • Kukhala Ponseponse: Davide, akutamanda ukulu wa Mulungu, anafunsa kuti, “Ndidzapita kuti kucokera ku mzimu wanu, ndi kuthaŵira kuti kucokera pamaso panu? Pamene ndikwera kumwamba, muli komweko.” ( Salmo 139,7-8 ndi). Mzimu wa Mulungu, umene Davide anaugwiritsira ntchito monga liwu lotanthauza kukhalapo kwa Mulungu, uli kumwamba ndi kwa akufa (m’Sheol, ndime 8), kum’maŵa ndi kumadzulo (v. 9) Mzimu wa Mulungu unganenedwe kuti ndi pa munthu amatsanulidwa, kuti amadzaza munthu, kapena kuti amatsika - koma popanda kusonyeza kuti mzimu unachoka pa malo kapena anasiya malo ena. Thomas Oden akunena kuti “mawu oterowo ndi ozikidwa pa mfundo ya kukhalapo konsekonse ndi umuyaya, mikhalidwe imene moyenerera imaperekedwa kwa Mulungu yekha”.
  • Wamphamvuzonse: Ntchito zimene Mulungu amachita, monga B. chilengedwe, chimatchedwanso Mzimu Woyera (Yobu 33,4; Masalimo 104,30). Zozizwitsa za Yesu Khristu zinakwaniritsidwa ndi “Mzimu” (Mateyu 12,28). Muutumiki waumishonale wa Paulo, ntchito imene “Khristu anagwira inakwaniritsidwa ndi mphamvu ya mzimu wa Mulungu.”
  • Kudziwa zonse: “Mzimu asanthula zonse, ngakhale zozama za Umulungu,” analemba motero Paulo.1. Akorinto 2,10). Mzimu wa Mulungu “amadziwa za Mulungu” ( vesi 11 ). Chifukwa chake Mzimu adziwa zonse, ndipo akhoza kuphunzitsa zinthu zonse (Yohane 14,26).

Chiyero, muyaya, kupezeka paliponse, mphamvu zonse ndi kudziwa zonse ndi mikhalidwe ya chikhalidwe cha Mulungu, ndiko kuti, ndi chikhalidwe cha kukhalapo kwa umulungu. Mzimu Woyera uli ndi makhalidwe ofunikira awa a Mulungu.

B. Wofanana ndi Mulungu

  • Mawu akuti “Atatu”: Malemba enanso amafotokoza kuti Atate, Mwana, ndi Mzimu Woyera ndi ofanana. Pokambitsirana za mphatso zauzimu, Paulo akulongosola za Mzimu, Ambuye, ndi Mulungu ndi mawu ofananira ndi galamala (1. Korinto 12,4-6). Paulo akumaliza kalata yake ndi pemphero la magawo atatu: “Chisomo cha Ambuye wathu Yesu Khristu, ndi chikondi cha Mulungu, ndi chiyanjano cha Mzimu Woyera zikhale ndi inu nonse.” ( 2 Kor.3,14). Paulo akuyamba kalata ndi mafotokozedwe a magawo atatu otsatirawa: “... amene Mulungu Atate anamusankha mwa chiyeretso cha Mzimu kuti amvere kumvera, ndi kuwaza kwa mwazi wa Yesu Khristu.”1. Peter 1,2).N’zoona kuti mawu a utatu amene agwiritsidwa ntchito m’malemba amenewa kapena m’Malemba ena sasonyeza kuti n’ngofanana, koma amangosonyeza zimenezi. Njira ya ubatizo imasonyeza umodzi mwamphamvu kwambiri: “… muwabatize iwo m’dzina (limodzi) la Atate, ndi la Mwana, ndi la Mzimu Woyera” (Mateyu 2)8,19). Atate, Mwana, ndi Mzimu amagawana dzina limodzi, kusonyeza kufanana ndi kufanana. Vesili likunena za kuchulukana komanso mgwirizano. Mayina atatu amatchulidwa, koma onse atatu amagawana dzina.
  • Kusinthana Pamawu: Mu Mac 5,3 timawerenga kuti Hananiya ananamiza Mzimu Woyera. Vesi 4 limanena kuti ananamiza Mulungu. Izi zikusonyeza kuti “Mzimu Woyera” ndi “Mulungu” angasinthidwe motero kuti mzimu woyera ndi Mulungu. Anthu ena amayesa kufotokoza zimenezi ponena kuti Hananiya ananamiza Mulungu m’njira ina chifukwa chakuti mzimu woyera unkaimira Mulungu. Kutanthauzira kumeneku kungakhale kotheka mwa galamala, koma kungasonyeze umunthu wa Mzimu Woyera, pakuti munthu samanama ku mphamvu yopanda umunthu. Komanso, Petulo anauza Hananiya kuti sananamize anthu koma Mulungu. Mphamvu ya lemba ili ndi yakuti Hananiya sananama kwa oimira Mulungu okha koma Mulungu mwiniyo - ndipo Mzimu Woyera amene Hananiya ananamiza ndi Mulungu. 
    Kusinthanitsa kwina kwa mawu kumapezeka mu 1. Akorinto 3,16 ndi 6,19. Akhristu sali kachisi wa Mulungu yekha, komanso akachisi a Mzimu Woyera; mawu awiriwa amatanthauza chinthu chomwecho. Ndithudi, kachisi ndi malo okhalamo mulungu, osati malo okhalamo kaamba ka mphamvu zopanda umunthu. Pamene Paulo analemba kuti “kachisi wa Mzimu Woyera,” akutanthauza kuti mzimu woyera ndi Mulungu.
    Chitsanzo china cha kufanana kwa mawu pakati pa Mulungu ndi Mzimu Woyera chikupezeka mu Machitidwe 13,2: “...anati Mzimu Woyera, Mundipatulire Ine Barnaba ndi Saulo ku ntchito imene ndinawayitanira.” Apa Mzimu Woyera umalankhula m’malo mwa Mulungu, monga Mulungu. Momwemonso timawerenga mu Ahebri 3,7-11 kuti Mzimu Woyera anena kuti Aisrayeli “anandiyesa nandiyesa”; Mzimu Woyera akuti, “…ndinakwiya…sadzalowa mu mpumulo wanga.” Mzimu Woyera umadziwika ndi Mulungu wa Israeli. Chiheberi 10,15-17 akufanizira Mzimu ndi Ambuye kupanga Pangano Latsopano. Mzimu umene unauzira aneneri ndi Mulungu. Iyi ndi ntchito ya Mzimu Woyera, yomwe imatifikitsa ku gawo lathu lotsatira.

C. Ntchito Yaumulungu

  • Pangani: Mzimu Woyera umagwira ntchito yomwe Mulungu yekha angachite, monga kulenga (1. Cunt 1,2; Job 33,4; Masalimo 104,30) ndi kutulutsa ziwanda (Mateyu 12,28).
  • Mboni: Mzimu unabala Mwana wa Mulungu (Mateyu 1,20; Luka 1,35) ndipo umulungu wathunthu wa Mwana umasonyeza umulungu wathunthu wa wobalayo. 1,13) komanso wobadwa mwa Mzimu (Yohane 3,5). “Mzimu ndi umene umapereka moyo (wamuyaya)” (Yoh 6,63). Mzimu ndiye mphamvu imene timaukitsidwa nayo (Aroma 8,11).
  • Kukhalamo: Mzimu Woyera ndi njira imene Mulungu amakhala mwa ana ake (Aef2,22; 1. Johannes 3,24; 4,13). Mzimu Woyera “akhala” mwa ife (Aroma 8,11; 1. Akorinto 3,16) - ndipo popeza Mzimu amakhala mwa ife, tinganene kuti Mulungu amakhala mwa ife. Tikhoza kunena kuti Mulungu amakhala mwa ife chifukwa Mzimu Woyera amakhala mwa ife mwanjira inayake. Mzimu si woyimira kapena mphamvu yomwe imakhala mkati mwathu - Mulungu mwiniyo amakhala mwa ife. Geoffrey Bromiley akumaliza ndendende pamene akunena kuti: “Kuchita zinthu ndi Mzimu Woyera, osati mochepera ndi Atate ndi Mwana, ndiko kukhala ndi zochita ndi Mulungu.
  • Oyera mtima: Mzimu Woyera amayeretsa anthu (Aroma 1 Akor5,16; 1. Peter 1,2). Mzimu umathandiza anthu kulowa mu ufumu wa Mulungu (Yoh 3,5). Timapulumutsidwa “m’chiyeretso cha Mzimu” (2. Atesalonika 2,13).

M’zinthu zonsezi ntchito za Mzimu ndi ntchito za Mulungu. Chirichonse Mzimu anena kapena kuchita, Mulungu anena nachichita; mzimu umaimira Mulungu mokwanira.

2. umunthu wa Mzimu Woyera

Mau Oyambirira: Malemba amafotokoza kuti Mzimu Woyera ali ndi makhalidwe ake: Mzimu ali ndi chidziwitso ndi chifuniro, amalankhula ndi kulankhula naye, amachita ndi kupembedzera mmalo mwathu. Zonsezi zikuloza ku umunthu m’lingaliro laumulungu. Mzimu Woyera ndi munthu kapena maganizo ofanana ndi mmene Atate ndi Mwana alili. Ubale wathu ndi Mulungu, wochitidwa ndi Mzimu Woyera, ndi ubale wapayekha.

A. Moyo ndi Luntha

  • Moyo: Mzimu Woyera “uli ndi moyo” (Aroma 8,11; 1. Akorinto 3,16).
  • Luntha: Malingaliro "amadziwa" (1. Akorinto 2,11). Aroma 8,27 amatanthauza "malingaliro amalingaliro". Mzimu uwu ndi wokhoza kuweruza-chigamulo "chokondweretsa" Mzimu Woyera (Machitidwe 1 Akor5,28). Mavesiwa akuloza ku luntha lodziŵika bwino lomwe.
  • Kufuna: 1. Akorinto 2,11 amanena kuti maganizo amapanga zisankho, kusonyeza kuti maganizo ali ndi chifuniro. Mawu achi Greek amatanthauza "iye kapena amagwira ntchito ... amagawa". Ngakhale kuti liwu Lachigiriki silimatchula mutu wa mneni, mutu wa nkhaniyo mwachionekere ndi Mzimu Woyera. Popeza timadziŵa kuchokera m’mavesi ena kuti mzimu uli ndi luntha, chidziwitso, ndi kuzindikira, palibe chifukwa chodumphira m’mawu omaliza. 1. Korinto 12,11 kutsutsa kuti maganizo nawonso ali ndi chifuniro.

B. Kulankhulana

  • Kulankhula: Mavesi ambiri amasonyeza kuti Mzimu Woyera analankhula (Mac 8,29; 10,19; 11,12;21,11; 1. Timoteo 4,1; Ahebri 3,7, ndi zina zotero) Wolemba Wachikristu Oden ananena kuti “Mzimu umalankhula mwa munthu woyamba kuti, ‘Ine’, ‘pakuti ndawatuma’ ( Machitidwe a Atu. 10,20) … “Ndinawaitana” (Machitidwe 13,2). Munthu m'modzi yekha anganene kuti 'Ine'”.
  • Kuyanjana: Mzimu ukhoza kunamizidwa (Mac 5,3), kusonyeza kuti munthu angathe kulankhula ndi mzimu. Mzimu ukhoza kuyesedwa (Mac 5,9), kunyozedwa (Aheberi 10,29) kapena kuchitidwa mwano ( Mateyu 12,31), zomwe zimasonyeza umunthu wake. Oden akusonkhanitsa umboni wowonjezereka: “Umboni wa atumwi umagwiritsa ntchito mafanizo aumwini: kutsogolera (Aroma 8,14), kutsutsidwa (“tsegulani maso anu” - Yohane 16,8), kuyimilira/kupembedzera (Rom8,26), opatulidwa/otchedwa (Machitidwe 13,2) ( Machitidwe 20,28:6 ) … munthu mmodzi yekha angamvetse chisoni (Yesaya ).3,10; Aefeso 4,30).
  • The Paraclete: Yesu anatcha Mzimu Woyera Parakletos—Mtonthozi, Woimira, kapena Woimira. Paraclete ikugwira ntchito, amaphunzitsa (Yohane 14,26), akuchitira umboni (Yohane 15,26), anatsutsa (Yohane 16,8), amatsogolera (Yohane 16,13) ndipo amavumbula chowonadi (Yohane 16,14).

Yesu anagwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe achimuna a parakletos; iye sanaone kukhala kofunika kupanga liwulo kukhala wosaloŵererapo kapena kugwiritsira ntchito mloŵam’malo wosapita m’mbali. Mu Yohane 16,14 Matchulidwe achimuna amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngakhale potchula za neuter pneuma. Zikanakhala zosavuta kusinthana ndi mawu akuti neuter, koma John sanachite zimenezo. Kwina konse, mogwirizana ndi kagwiritsidwe ka galamala, mawu akuti neuter amatanthauza mzimu. Malemba samangodula tsitsi pa nkhani ya galamala ya mzimu, ndipo ifenso sitiyenera kutero.

C. Zochita

  • Moyo Watsopano: Mzimu Woyera amatipanga ife atsopano, amatipatsa moyo watsopano (Yoh 3,5). Mzimu umatiyeretsa (1. Peter 1,2) ndi kutitsogolera ife ku moyo watsopano (Aroma 8,14). Mzimu amapereka mphatso zosiyanasiyana kuti amange mpingo (1. Korinto 12,7-11) ndipo mu Machitidwe a Atumwi timaona Mzimu akutsogolera mpingo.
  • Kupembedzera: Ntchito “yaumwini” kwambiri ya Mzimu Woyera ndiyo kupembedzera: “…Pakuti sitidziwa chimene tiyenera kupemphera monga tiyenera kupemphera, koma Mzimu amatipempherera . . . zokondweretsa Mulungu” (Aroma 8,26-27). Kupembedzera kumasonyeza osati kungolandira kulankhulana, komanso kupereka kulankhulana. Zimasonyeza nzeru, nkhawa ndi udindo. Mzimu Woyera si mphamvu yopanda umunthu koma mthandizi wanzeru ndi waumulungu wokhala mwa ife. Mulungu amakhala mwa ife ndipo Mzimu Woyera ndi Mulungu.

3. lambira

Palibe zitsanzo za kupembedza Mzimu Woyera m'Baibulo. Malemba amalankhula za pemphero mu Mzimu (Aefeso 6,18), gulu la mzimu (2. Korinto 13,14) ndi ubatizo mu dzina la Mzimu (Mateyu 2).8,19). Ngakhale ubatizo, pemphero, ndi chiyanjano ndi mbali ya kupembedza, palibe ndime imodzi mwa mavesi amenewa imene ili umboni weniweni wa kulambira Mzimu.2,31).

pemphero

Palibe zitsanzo za m'Baibulo za kupemphera kwa Mzimu Woyera. Komabe, Baibulo limasonyeza kuti munthu angathe kulankhula ndi Mzimu Woyera (Mac 5,3). Izi zikachitika mwaulemu kapena ngati pempho, kwenikweni ndi pemphero kwa Mzimu Woyera. Pamene Akhristu akulephera kufotokoza zokhumba zawo ndi kufuna kuti Mzimu Woyera uwapembedzere (Aroma 8,26-27), ndiye amapemphera, mwachindunji kapena mwanjira ina, kwa Mzimu Woyera. Pamene timvetsetsa kuti Mzimu Woyera ali ndi luntha ndipo amaimira Mulungu mokwanira, tikhoza kupempha Mzimu kuti atithandize - osati ndi lingaliro lakuti Mzimu ndi chinthu chosiyana ndi Mulungu, koma povomereza kuti Mzimu ndiye hypostasis ya Mulungu ndi zomwe zimachitika. kwa ife.

Chifukwa chiyani Malemba sanena chilichonse chokhudza kupemphera kwa Mzimu Woyera? Michael Green akufotokoza kuti: “Mzimu Woyera sumakopa chidwi kwa iyemwini. Iye anatumidwa ndi Atate kudzalemekeza Yesu, kusonyeza kukopa kwa Yesu osati kukhala pakati pa siteji iyemwini.” Kapena, monga momwe Bromiley amanenera. : "Mzimu udziletsa".

Pemphero kapena kupembedza kolunjika kwa Mzimu Woyera sizomwe zimachitika m'Malemba, koma timapembedza Mzimu ngakhalebe. Tikamalambira Mulungu, timalambira mbali zonse za Mulungu, kuphatikizapo Atate, Mwana ndi mzimu woyera. Wazamulungu wa 4. Monga tafotokozera m’zaka za m’ma , “Mzimu umapembedzedwa pamodzi mwa Mulungu pamene Mulungu akulambiridwa ndi mzimu.” Chilichonse chimene tinganene kwa mzimu, timauza Mulungu, ndipo chilichonse chimene tinganene kwa Mulungu, timachiuza kwa mzimuwo.

4. chidule

Malemba amasonyeza kuti Mzimu Woyera uli ndi mikhalidwe ndi ntchito zaumulungu ndipo umaimiridwa mofanana ndi Atate ndi Mwana. Mzimu Woyera ndi wanzeru, wolankhula ndi kuchita monga munthu mmodzi. Uwu ndi mbali ya umboni wa m’Malemba umene unatsogolera Akristu oyambirira kupanga chiphunzitso cha Utatu.

Bromiley akupereka chidule:
“Mfundo zitatu zimene zatuluka m’kupendedwa kwa madeti a Chipangano Chatsopano kumeneku ndi izi: (1) Mzimu Woyera umawonedwa padziko lonse kukhala Mulungu; (2) Iye ndi Mulungu wosiyana ndi Atate ndi Mwana; (3) Umulungu wake suphwanya umodzi waumulungu. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, Mzimu Woyera ndi munthu wachitatu wa Utatu wa Mulungu...

Umodzi waumulungu sungagwirizane ndi malingaliro a masamu a umodzi. mu 4. M’zaka za zana la makumi awiri wina anayamba kulankhula za ma hypostases atatu kapena anthu mkati mwa Umulungu, osati m’lingaliro la Utatu la malo atatu a chidziwitso, koma osati m’lingaliro la mawonetseredwe azachuma kayanso. Kuyambira ku Nicaea ndi Constantinople kupita m’tsogolo, zikhulupirirozo zinayesa kukhala ndi moyo mogwirizana ndi madeti ofunika a m’Baibulo monga talongosoledwa pamwambapa.”

Ngakhale kuti Malemba sanena mwachindunji kuti “Mzimu Woyera ndiye Mulungu” kapena kuti Mulungu ali Utatu, mfundo zimenezi n’zozikidwa pa umboni wa m’Malemba. Potengera umboni wa m’Baibulo umenewu, Grace communion international (WKG Germany) imaphunzitsa kuti Mzimu Woyera ndi Mulungu mofanana ndi mmene Atate ndi Mulungu komanso Mwana ndi Mulungu.

Wolemba Michael Morrison