Mulungu Utatu

Malinga ndi umboni wa m'Malemba, Mulungu ndi waumulungu mwa anthu atatu osatha, ofanana, koma osiyana, Atate, Mwana ndi Mzimu Woyera. Iye ndiye Mulungu woona yekha, wamuyaya, wosasintha, wamphamvuyonse, wodziwa zonse, wopezeka paliponse. Iye ndiye mlengi wa kumwamba ndi dziko lapansi, wosamalira chilengedwe chonse ndi gwero la chipulumutso cha munthu. Ngakhale kuti ndi woposa mphamvu, Mulungu amachita zinthu mwachindunji ndiponso payekha pa anthu. Mulungu ndiye chikondi ndi ubwino wopanda malire. (Marko 12,29; 1. Timoteo 1,17; Aefeso 4,6; Mateyu 28,19; 1. Johannes 4,8; 5,20; Tito 2,11; Yohane 16,27; 2. Korinto 13,13; 1. Akorinto 8,4-6)

Sizingatheke

Atate ndi Mulungu ndipo Mwana ndi Mulungu, koma pali Mulungu mmodzi yekha. Ili si banja kapena komiti ya zolengedwa zaumulungu - gulu silinganene kuti, "Palibe wina wonga ine" (Yesaya 4)3,10; 44,6; 45,5). Mulungu ndi umulungu chabe - woposa munthu, koma ndi Mulungu yekha. Akristu oyambirira sanatenge lingaliro ili kuchokera ku chikunja kapena filosofi - iwo anakakamizika kutero ndi malemba.

Monga momwe malembo amaphunzitsira kuti Khristu ndi waumulungu, amaphunzitsanso kuti Mzimu Woyera ndi waumulungu komanso waumwini. Chilichonse chomwe Mzimu Woyera amachita, Mulungu amachita. Mzimu Woyera ndiye Mulungu monga Mwana ndi Atate ali - anthu atatu omwe alumikizana mwangwiro mwa Mulungu m'modzi: Utatu.

Chifukwa Chiyani Muyenera Kuphunzira Zamulungu?

Osandiyankhula ine za zamulungu. Ingondiphunzitsani Baibulo.” Kwa Mkristu wamba, maphunziro a zaumulungu angamveke ngati chinthu chocholoŵana kwambiri, chosokoneza kwambiri, ndi chosathandiza kwenikweni. Aliyense angathe kuwerenga Baibulo. Nangano nchifukwa ninji timafunikira akatswiri azaumulungu odzitukumula okhala ndi ziganizo zawo zazitali ndi mawu achilendo?

Chikhulupiriro chofuna kumvetsetsa

Zaumulungu zimatchedwa “chikhulupiriro chofunafuna kuzindikira.” M’mawu ena, monga Akristu timakhulupilila Mulungu, koma Mulungu anatilenga ndi mtima wofuna kumvetsetsa amene timam’khulupilila ndi cifukwa cake timam’dalila. Apa ndi pamene zamulungu zimabwera. Mawu akuti “zaumulungu” amachokera ku mawu aŵiri Achigiriki akuti theos, kutanthauza Mulungu, ndi logia, kutanthauza chidziŵitso kapena kuphunzira—kuphunzira Mulungu.

Pogwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera, zamulungu zitha kuthandiza mpingo polimbana ndi mpatuko kapena ziphunzitso zabodza. Izi ndichifukwa choti ziphunzitso zambiri zachipembedzo zimachokera pakumvetsetsa molakwika kuti Mulungu ndani, kuchokera pamalingaliro omwe sagwirizana ndi momwe Mulungu adadziululira m'Baibulo. Kulalikidwa kwa uthenga wabwino ndi tchalitchi kuyenera kuti kukhazikike pa maziko olimba a vumbulutso la Mulungu.

epiphany

Kudziwa kapena kudziwa za Mulungu ndi chinthu chomwe anthufe sitingathe kuchiganizira. Njira yokhayo yodziwira zoona zake za Mulungu ndikumva zomwe Mulungu amatiuza za iye. Njira yofunika kwambiri yomwe Mulungu wasankha kuti adziulule kwa ife ndi kudzera m'Baibulo, mndandanda wa malembo opangidwa kwazaka zambiri, motsogozedwa ndi Mzimu Woyera. Koma ngakhale kuphunzira mwakhama Baibulo sikungatipatse kumvetsetsa koyenera kuti Mulungu ndi ndani.
 
Tiyenera zambiri kuposa kungophunzira - timafunikira Mzimu Woyera kuti malingaliro athu amvetsetse zomwe Mulungu amavumbulutsa za iye mu Baibulo. Pamapeto pake, chidziwitso chenicheni cha Mulungu chitha kubwera kuchokera kwa Mulungu, osati kudzera pakuphunzira kwamunthu, kulingalira, komanso zokumana nazo.

Mpingo uli ndi udindo wopitiliza kuwunikanso mozama zikhulupiriro ndi machitidwe ake molingana ndi vumbulutso la Mulungu. Ziphunzitso zaumulungu ndizofunafuna chowonadi chachipembedzo chachikhristu popeza chimafunafuna nzeru za Mulungu modzichepetsa ndikutsatira chitsogozo cha Mzimu Woyera kuchowonadi chonse. Mpaka Khristu abwere muulemerero, mpingo sungaganize kuti wakwaniritsa cholinga chake.

Ichi ndichifukwa chake zamulungu siziyenera kukhala zosintha chabe zikhulupiriro ndi ziphunzitso za Tchalitchi, koma ziyenera kukhala njira yodziyesera yokhazikika. Pokhapokha titaima m'kuunika kwaumulungu kwa chinsinsi cha Mulungu ndipamene timapeza chidziwitso chenicheni cha Mulungu.

Paulo anatcha chinsinsi cha Mulungu “Khristu mwa inu, chiyembekezo cha ulemerero.” (Akolose 1,27), chinsinsi chimene chinali chokondweretsa kwa Mulungu kupyolera mwa Kristu “kuyanjanitsa chirichonse kwa iyemwini, kaya padziko lapansi, kapena kumwamba, kuchita mtendere ndi mwazi wake pa mtanda” ( Akolose. 1,20).

Kulalikira ndi kuchita kwa mpingo wachikhristu nthawi zonse kumafunikira kuwunikidwa ndikukonzedwa bwino, nthawi zina ngakhale kusintha kwakukulu, chifukwa kumakula mchisomo ndi chidziwitso cha Ambuye Yesu Khristu.

Ziphunzitso zaumulungu zamphamvu

Liwu loti mphamvu ndi mawu abwino kulongosola kuyesetsa kosalekeza kwa mpingo wachikhristu kuti udziwonere wekha ndi dziko lapansi mwa kudzivumbulutsa kwa Mulungu ndikulola Mzimu Woyera kuti usinthe moyenera kuti ukhale anthu omwe akuwonetsanso ndikulengeza zomwe Mulungu alidi. Tikuwona izi zamphamvu mu zamulungu mumbiri yonse ya mpingo. Atumwi adamasulira malembo pomwe adalengeza kuti Yesu ndiye Mesiya.

Ntchito yatsopano yodziulula yokha mwa Mulungu mwa Yesu Khristu idapereka Baibulo mwanjira yatsopano, kuwala komwe atumwi adatha kuwona chifukwa Mzimu Woyera adatsegula maso awo. M'zaka za zana lachinayi, Athanasius, Bishopu waku Alexandria, adagwiritsa ntchito mawu ofotokozera mu Zikhulupiriro zomwe sizinali m'Baibulo kuthandiza achikunja kumvetsetsa tanthauzo la vumbulutso la Mulungu la m'Baibulo. M'zaka za zana la 16, John Calvin ndi Martin Luther adamenyera nkhondo kukonzanso tchalitchi potengera kufunikira kwa chowonadi cha m'Baibulo kuti chipulumutso chimadza mwa chisomo chokha mwa kukhulupirira Yesu Khristu.

M'zaka za zana la 18, a John McLeod Campbell adayesa masomphenya ochepa a Church of Scotland 
kukulitsa chikhalidwe cha dipo la Yesu [chitetezero] cha umunthu ndipo kenako adaponyedwa kunja chifukwa cha zoyesayesa zake.

M’nthaŵi yamakono, palibe amene wakhala wokhoza kuitanira tchalitchi ku chiphunzitso chaumulungu champhamvu chozikidwa m’chikhulupiriro chokangalika monga Karl Barth, amene “anabwezera Baibulo ku Ulaya” pambuyo poti chiphunzitso chaumulungu chaufulu cha Chiprotestanti chinameza tchalitchicho mwa kugwetsa chikhulupiriro chaumunthu. wa Chidziwitso ndipo moyenerera anaumba zaumulungu za tchalitchi ku Germany.

Mverani Mulungu

Nthawi zonse tchalitchi chimalephera kumva mawu a Mulungu ndipo m'malo mwake chimapereka malingaliro ndi malingaliro ake, chimakhala chofooka komanso chosagwira ntchito. Ikutaya kufunikira kwa iwo omwe ikuyesera kuwafikira ndi uthenga wabwino. N'chimodzimodzinso ndi gawo lililonse la thupi la Khristu pamene limadzimangirira m'malingaliro ndi miyambo yake. Imakakamizidwa, kukhazikika kapena kusunthika, chosiyana ndi mphamvu, ndikutaya mphamvu pakulalikira uthenga wabwino.

Izi zikachitika, tchalitchi chimayamba kugawikana kapena kutha, Akhristu amasiyana pakati pawo, ndipo lamulo la Yesu loti tizikondana limanyalanyazidwa. Kenako kulalikira kwa uthenga wabwino kumangokhala mawu, mwayi ndi mawu omwe anthu amangovomereza. Mphamvu yakubweretsa kuchiritsa pamalingaliro amachimo imasiya ntchito. Ubale umakhala wakunja ndipo umangokhala wachiphamaso, kuphonya kulumikizana kwakutali ndi umodzi wa Yesu ndi wina ndi mnzake, kumene machilitso enieni, mtendere ndi chimwemwe zimakhala mwayi weniweni. Chipembedzo chokhazikika ndichopinga chomwe chingalepheretse okhulupirira kukhala anthu enieni omwe Mulungu adafuna kuti akhale mwa Yesu Khristu.

"Kukonzekeratu Kawiri"

Chiphunzitso cha masankho kapena kuikidwiratu kawiri chakhala chiri chiphunzitso chodziwika bwino kapena chodziwikiratu mu miyambo ya Reformed ya zamulungu (mwambowu ukuphimbidwa ndi John Calvin). Kaŵirikaŵiri chiphunzitso chimenechi chakhala chosamvetsetseka, kupotozedwa, ndipo chakhala choyambitsa mikangano yosatha ndi kuvutika. Calvin mwiniyo analimbana ndi funso limeneli, ndipo chiphunzitso chake pa ilo chinatanthauziridwa ndi anthu ambiri kukhala akuti: “Kuyambira kalekale, Mulungu anakonzeratu ena ku chipulumutso, ndi ena ku chitayiko;

Kutanthauzira komaliza kumeneku kwa chiphunzitso cha chisankho nthawi zambiri kumatchedwa "hyper-Calvinism." Imalimbikitsa maganizo olakwika onena za Mulungu monga wopondereza dala ndi mdani wa ufulu wa anthu. Lingaliro loterolo la chiphunzitsochi limachipanga kukhala china chilichonse koma uthenga wabwino wolalikidwa mu kudzivumbulutsa kwa Mulungu mwa Yesu Kristu. Umboni wa m'Baibulo umalongosola chisomo chosankha cha Mulungu kukhala chodabwitsa koma osati chankhanza! Mulungu, amene amakonda mwaulere, amapereka chisomo chake kwaulere kwa onse amene angachilandire.

Karl Bart

Pofuna kukonza ziphunzitso za Calvinism, Karl Barth, yemwe anali katswiri wa zaumulungu wa tchalitchi chamakono, anasinthiratu chiphunzitso cha Reformed chosankha poika kukana ndikusankhidwa mwa Yesu Khristu. Mu Voliyumu II ya Chiphunzitso chake cha Mpingo, adakhazikitsa chiphunzitso chathunthu chamu baibulo chokhudza kusankhidwa mwanjira yogwirizana ndi dongosolo lonse la Mulungu lodziulula. Barth adatsimikiza motsimikiza kuti chiphunzitso cha chisankho chili ndi cholinga chachikulu mu chiphunzitso cha Utatu: ikuti ntchito za Mulungu pakupanga, kuyanjanitsa, ndi kuwombolera zimakwaniritsidwa mokomera chisomo chaulere cha Mulungu chowululidwa mwa Yesu Khristu. Ikutsimikiza kuti Mulungu wautatu, amene wakhalamo mwachikondi kwamuyaya, akufuna kuphatikizira ena mderali chifukwa cha chisomo. Mlengi ndi Muomboli amalakalaka kwambiri ubale ndi zolengedwa zake. Ndipo maubwenzi amakhala olimba, osakhazikika, osazizira, komanso osasintha.

M’buku lake lakuti Dogmatics, m’mene Barth analingaliranso za chiphunzitso cha masankho m’nkhani ya Utatu wa Mlengi-Wowombola, iye anachitcha “chiŵerengero cha uthenga wabwino.” Mwa Khristu, Mulungu anasankha anthu onse mu ubale wa pangano kuti atenge nawo mbali mu moyo wake wa chiyanjano, kupanga chisankho mwaufulu ndi mwachisomo kukhala Mulungu wa anthu.

Yesu Khristu ndiye wosankhidwa ndi wokanidwa chifukwa cha ife, ndipo kusankhidwa kwa munthu payekha ndi kukanidwa kungamveke ngati zenizeni mwa iye. M’mawu ena, Mwana wa Mulungu ndi amene anatisankhidwiratu. Monga munthu wapadziko lonse, wosankhidwa, wolowa m’malo mwake, wosankhidwa mwachipambano ndi pa nthawi yomweyo chifukwa cha chiweruzo cha imfa (mtanda) m’malo mwathu ndi moyo wosatha (chiukitsiro) m’malo mwathu. Ntchito yoyanjanitsa imeneyi ya Yesu Khristu mu thupi la munthu inatha kuombola anthu ochimwa.

Tiyenera kunena inde kwa inde wa Mulungu kwa ife mwa Khristu Yesu ndikuvomereza ndikuyamba kukhala mchimwemwe ndi kuunika kwa zomwe zatipindulira kale - umodzi, chiyanjano komanso kutenga nawo gawo pakulengedwa kwatsopano.

Cholengedwa chatsopano

Mukuthandizira kwake kofunikira ku Chiphunzitso cha Chisankho, Barth alemba kuti:
“Pakuti mu umodzi [mgwirizano] wa Mulungu ndi munthu mmodzi ameneyu, Yesu Khristu, wasonyeza chikondi chake ndi mgwirizano wake ndi onse. Mwa Uyo anadzitengera uchimo ndi liwongo la onse, ndipo chotero anawapulumutsa iwo onse mwa chilungamo chapamwamba ku chiweruzo chimene iwo anachipeza moyenerera, kotero kuti iye alidi chitonthozo chenicheni cha anthu onse.”
 
Chilichonse chasintha pamtanda. Zolengedwa zonse, kaya zikudziwa kapena ayi, zakhala, zili ndipo zidzaomboledwa, kusandulika ndikupangidwa kukhala zatsopano mwa Yesu Khristu [mtsogolo]. Mwa iye timakhala cholengedwa chatsopano.

Thomas F. Torrance, wophunzira wamkulu komanso womasulira Karl Barth, adakhala mkonzi pomwe ziphunzitso za tchalitchi cha Barth zidamasuliridwa mchingerezi. Torrrance amakhulupirira kuti Volume II inali imodzi mwamalemba abwino kwambiri aumulungu omwe adalembedwapo. Anagwirizana ndi Barth kuti umunthu wonse udawomboledwa ndikupulumutsidwa mwa Khristu. M'buku lake, The Mediation of Christ, Pulofesa Torrance adalongosola zavumbulutso la m'Baibulo loti Yesu, kudzera mu moyo wake wosasunthika, imfa, ndi kuuka kwake, sanali woyanjanitsa wathu kokha, komanso amakhala yankho langwiro ku chisomo cha Mulungu.

Yesu adadzithyola tokha ndikudziweruza, adatenga tchimo, imfa ndi zoyipa kuti awombole chilengedwe m'magulu onse, ndikusintha chilichonse chomwe chidatsutsana nafe kukhala cholengedwa chatsopano. Tamasulidwa kumakhalidwe athu oyipa ndi opanduka kulowa mu ubale wamkati ndi Iye amene amatilungamitsa ndi kutiyeretsa.

Torrance akupitiriza kunena kuti “iye amene savomereza ndi amene sanachiritsidwe”. Chimene Khristu sanadzitengere sichinapulumutsidwe. Yesu anatengera maganizo athu opatuka pa iye, kukhala chimene ife tiri kuti ayanjanitsidwe ndi Mulungu. Pochita zimenezi, Iye anayeretsa, kuchiritsa, ndi kuyeretsa anthu ochimwa mu kuya kwa umunthu wawo kudzera mu mchitidwe Wake wachikondi wolowa thupi chifukwa cha ife.

M'malo mochimwa monga wina aliyense, Yesu adadzudzula tchimo mthupi lathu pakukhala moyo wachiyero changwiro mkati mwa thupi lathu, ndipo kudzera mu umwana Wake womvera adatembenuza anthu athu odana ndi osamvera kukhala ubale weniweni, wachikondi ndi Atate.

Mwa Mwana, Mulungu m'modzi mwa atatu mwa atatuwo adatenga umunthu wathu ndikukhala wosinthika. Anatiombola natiyanjanitsa. Pogwiritsa ntchito chibadwidwe chathu kukhala chakechake ndikuchiritsa, Yesu Khristu adakhala mkhalapakati wa Mulungu ndi umunthu wakugwa.

Kusankhidwa kwathu mwa munthu mmodzi Yesu Khristu kumakwaniritsa cholinga cha Mulungu polenga zinthu ndipo kumafotokoza kuti Mulungu ndi Mulungu amene amakonda mwaufulu. Torrance akufotokoza kuti “chisomo chonse” sichitanthauza “munthu aliyense” koma, chisomo chonse chikutanthauza anthu onse. Izi zikutanthauza kuti sitingathe ngakhale kugwiritsitsa gawo limodzi mwa magawo athu tokha.

Mwa chisomo kudzera mchikhulupiriro timagawana nawo chikondi cha Mulungu polenga zinthu m'njira zomwe sizinali zotheka kale. Izi zikutanthauza kuti tizikonda ena monga Mulungu amatikondera, chifukwa mwa chisomo Khristu ali mwa ife ndipo ife tiri mwa iye. Izi zitha kuchitika mkati mwa chozizwitsa cha chilengedwe chatsopano. Vumbulutso la Mulungu kwa umunthu limachokera kwa Atate kudzera mwa Mwana mwa Mzimu Woyera, ndipo anthu owomboledwa tsopano akuyankha [kuyankha] mwa chikhulupiriro mu Mzimu kudzera mwa Mwana kupita kwa Atate. Taitanidwa ku chiyero mwa Khristu. Mwa iye tili ndi ufulu ku uchimo, imfa, zoyipa, zovuta ndi chiweruzo chomwe chidatsutsana nafe. Timabwezera chikondi cha Mulungu kwa ife ndi kuthokoza, kupembedza, ndi ntchito pagulu lachikhulupiriro. M'mayanjano ake onse opulumutsa ndi kupulumutsa nafe, Yesu Khristu amatengapo gawo kuti atisinthe tonse payekhapayekha ndikutipanga kukhalaanthu - ndiye kuti, kutipanga ife kukhala anthu enieni mwa iye. Mu maubale athu onse ndi iye, amatipanga kukhala enieni ndi anthu athunthu pakayankhidwe kathu pa chikhulupiriro. Izi zimachitika kudzera mu mphamvu yakulenga ya Mzimu Woyera mkati mwathu pamene akutigwirizanitsa ndi umunthu wangwiro wa Ambuye Yesu Khristu.

Chisomo chonse chimatanthauza [kukhala] ndi umunthu wonse. Chisomo cha Yesu Khristu, wopachikidwa ndi kuukitsidwa, sichimanyoza umunthu womwe adadza kudzapulumutsa. Chisomo chosayerekezeka cha Mulungu chimatiwunikira zonse zomwe tili ndi kuchita. Ngakhale pakulapa kwathu ndi chikhulupiriro chathu, sitingadalire yankho lathu [kuyankha], koma tidalire yankho lomwe Khristu adapereka kwa Atate kwa ife ndi kwa ife! Mu umunthu wake, Yesu adakhala mayankho athu mwa Mulungu mwa zinthu zonse kuphatikiza chikhulupiriro, kutembenuka, kupembedza, kukondwerera masakramenti, ndi kulalikira.

Kunyalanyazidwa

Tsoka ilo, Karl Barth nthawi zambiri ankanyalanyazidwa kapena kutanthauziridwa molakwika ndi alaliki aku America, ndipo a Thomas Torrance nthawi zambiri amawonetsedwa ngati ovuta kumvetsetsa. Koma kulephera kuyamika kwamphamvu kwa zamulungu zomwe zidachitika pomwe Barth adagwiritsanso ntchito chiphunzitso cha chisankho kumapangitsa alaliki ambiri, ngakhale Akhristu osinthidwa, kukhalabe mumsampha wamakhalidwe, kulimbana kuti amvetsetse komwe Mulungu amayala malire pakati pa machitidwe a anthu ndi chipulumutso.

Mfundo yayikulu ya kukonzanso ya kukonzanso kopitilira muyeso iyenera kutimasula ku malingaliro akale a dziko lapansi ndi ziphunzitso zozikidwa pa makhalidwe zomwe zimalepheretsa kukula, kulimbikitsa kuyimirira, ndi kuletsa mgwirizano wa matchalitchi ndi thupi la Khristu. Komabe, kodi mpingo lerolino nthawi zambiri sumadzipeza wolandidwa chimwemwe cha chipulumutso pamene ukuchita "nkhonya zamthunzi" ndi mitundu yake yonse yosiyanasiyana ya malamulo? Pachifukwa ichi, Mpingo sudziwika kawirikawiri ngati tsinde la chiweruzo ndi kudzipereka yekha osati pangano la chisomo.

Tonsefe tili ndi maphunziro aumulungu - momwe timaganizira za Mulungu ndikumumvetsetsa - kaya tikudziwa kapena ayi. Ziphunzitso zathu zimakhudza momwe timaganizira ndikumvetsetsa za chisomo cha Mulungu ndi chipulumutso.

Ngati zamulungu zathu zili zamphamvu komanso zachibale, tidzakhala omasuka ku mawu a Mulungu a chipulumutso, omwe amatipatsa mochuluka mu chisomo chake kudzera mwa Yesu Khristu yekha.
 
Kumbali ina, ngati zamulungu zathu ndizokhazikika, timakhala chipembedzo chovomerezeka, des
Chiweruzo ndi kuchepa kwauzimu kumafota.

M'malo momudziwa Yesu mwachangu komanso moyenera zomwe zimasangalatsa maubale athu onse ndi chifundo, kuleza mtima, kukoma mtima, ndi mtendere, tidzapeza chiweruzo, kupatula, ndi kutsutsidwa kwa iwo omwe amalephera kukwaniritsa miyezo yathu yopembedza.

Cholengedwa chatsopano mwaufulu

Ziphunzitso zaumulungu zimapangitsa kusiyana. Momwe timamvetsetsa Mulungu zimakhudza momwe timamvera chipulumutso komanso momwe timakhalira moyo wachikhristu. Mulungu siwamndende wokhazikika, woganiza mwaumunthu wamalingaliro amomwe ayenera kukhala kapena momwe ayenera kukhalira.

Anthu sangathe kuganiza mwanzeru kuti Mulungu ndani komanso momwe ayenera kukhalira. Mulungu akutiuza kuti ndi ndani ndipo ndi ndani, ndipo ali ndi ufulu kukhala ndendende yemwe akufuna kukhala, ndipo wadziwonetsera kwa ife mwa Yesu Khristu ngati Mulungu amene amatikonda, amene ali wa ife, ndi amene wasankha kupanga cholinga cha umunthu - kuphatikiza yanu ndi yanga - yake.

Mwa Yesu Khristu tili omasuka ku malingaliro athu auchimo, kudzitamandira, ndi kutaya mtima, ndipo tapatsidwanso mwa chisomo kuti tipeze mtendere wa Mulungu mu mtendere wake.

Terry Akers ndi Michael Feazell

Mulungu Utatu